# DBIS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
## Comprehensive Technical Standards and Specifications

## DOCUMENT METADATA

**Version:** 1.0  
**Last Updated:** [YYYY-MM-DD]  
**Effective Date:** [YYYY-MM-DD]  
**Status:** Active  
**Authority:** DBIS Technical Department

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## PREAMBLE

This document establishes comprehensive technical standards for all DBIS systems, infrastructure, and operations. It covers hardware, software, network, and security standards.

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## PART I: HARDWARE STANDARDS

<a id="section-11-server-standards"></a>
### Section 1.1: Server Standards
Server specifications:

**Performance Requirements:**
- **CPU:** Minimum 16 cores (32 threads recommended), x86-64 architecture or ARM64
- **RAM:** Minimum 64GB (128GB recommended for production), ECC memory required
- **Storage:** Minimum 10TB SSD per server (NVMe preferred), with separate boot and data partitions
- **Network:** Minimum 2x 10GbE network interfaces (bonded/teamed for redundancy)

**Redundancy Requirements:**
- **Configuration:** N+1 redundancy for all critical systems
- **Power:** Dual power supplies with independent power sources
- **Cooling:** Redundant cooling systems with temperature monitoring
- **Hardware Monitoring:** IPMI/BMC access for remote management and health monitoring

**Security Features:**
- **TPM 2.0:** Trusted Platform Module 2.0 required for secure boot and key storage
- **Secure Boot:** UEFI Secure Boot enabled and verified
- **Hardware Security Module (HSM):** HSM integration for cryptographic operations (optional but recommended)
- **Physical Security:** Tamper-evident enclosures, locked server racks, access logging

**Maintenance Requirements:**
- **Maintenance Windows:** Scheduled during low-usage periods with 48-hour advance notice
- **Firmware Updates:** Quarterly firmware updates, tested in staging before production
- **Hardware Lifecycle:** 5-year replacement cycle, with 1-year overlap for migration
- **Documentation:** Complete hardware inventory and maintenance logs required

### Section 1.2: Network Equipment
Network equipment standards:

**Performance Specifications:**
- **Switch Ports:** Minimum 10GbE ports (25GbE or 100GbE for core switches)
- **Throughput:** Non-blocking architecture with full line-rate forwarding
- **Latency:** Sub-10 microsecond switching latency for core switches
- **Bandwidth:** Minimum 40Gbps aggregate bandwidth per switch

**Security Features:**
- **802.1X:** Port-based network access control (NAC) required
- **MAC Filtering:** Static MAC address binding for critical devices
- **VLAN Isolation:** Strict VLAN separation with access control lists (ACLs)
- **Port Security:** Disable unused ports, limit MAC addresses per port
- **Management Security:** Encrypted management protocols (SSH, HTTPS), SNMPv3 only

**Reliability Requirements:**
- **Redundancy Protocols:** STP/RSTP/MSTP for loop prevention, LACP for link aggregation
- **Uptime:** 99.99% availability target (less than 53 minutes downtime per year)
- **Failover:** Sub-second failover for redundant links and devices
- **Monitoring:** SNMP monitoring with alerting for link failures and performance degradation

**Compatibility Requirements:**
- **Standards Compliance:** IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1X (NAC)
- **Protocol Support:** IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stack required
- **Management:** Standard SNMP, CLI, and API interfaces
- **Integration:** Compatibility with existing network management systems

### Section 1.3: Storage Systems
Storage system standards:

**Capacity Requirements:**
- **Tier 1 (Primary):** Minimum 100TB per system, expandable to 1PB
- **Tier 2 (Secondary):** Minimum 500TB for backup and archive
- **Tier 3 (Archive):** Minimum 1PB for long-term retention
- **Growth Planning:** 25% headroom required for capacity planning

**Performance Requirements:**
- **IOPS:** Minimum 50,000 IOPS for Tier 1 storage, 10,000 IOPS for Tier 2
- **Latency:** Sub-millisecond latency for Tier 1, <10ms for Tier 2
- **Throughput:** Minimum 5GB/s read/write for Tier 1, 1GB/s for Tier 2
- **Deduplication:** Data deduplication and compression enabled where applicable

**Redundancy Requirements:**
- **RAID Levels:** RAID 6 minimum for production data, RAID 10 for high-performance workloads
- **Replication:** Synchronous replication for critical data, asynchronous for secondary
- **Backup:** 3-2-1 backup strategy (3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite)
- **Snapshots:** Daily snapshots with 30-day retention, hourly for critical systems

**Security Features:**
- **Encryption at Rest:** AES-256 encryption required for all stored data
- **Key Management:** Integration with HSM or key management service (KMS)
- **Access Control:** Role-based access control (RBAC) with audit logging
- **Data Sanitization:** Secure data erasure procedures for decommissioned storage

---

## PART II: SOFTWARE STANDARDS

### Section 2.1: Operating Systems
Operating system standards:

**Supported Operating Systems:**
- **Linux:** Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.0+ or 9.0+, Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS or 22.04 LTS
- **Container Hosts:** RHEL 8+ with Podman/Docker, or Ubuntu 20.04+ with containerd
- **Legacy Support:** RHEL 7.x supported until end-of-life (with security patches)
- **Unsupported:** Windows Server, macOS Server (not approved for production)

**Hardened Configurations:**
- **CIS Benchmarks:** Compliance with Center for Internet Security (CIS) Level 2 benchmarks
- **SELinux/AppArmor:** Mandatory Access Control (MAC) enabled and enforced
- **Firewall:** Firewalld or UFW configured with deny-by-default rules
- **Services:** Minimal service footprint, disable unnecessary services and daemons
- **User Accounts:** No default passwords, strong password policies (12+ characters, complexity)
- **SSH:** Disable root login, key-based authentication only, disable weak ciphers

**Update Requirements:**
- **Security Patches:** Apply critical and high-severity patches within 72 hours
- **Regular Updates:** Monthly maintenance windows for standard updates
- **Testing:** All updates tested in staging environment before production
- **Rollback Plan:** Documented rollback procedures for all updates
- **Compliance:** Track and report on patch compliance status

**Security Requirements:**
- **Vulnerability Scanning:** Weekly automated vulnerability scans
- **Intrusion Detection:** Host-based IDS (HIDS) such as OSSEC or Wazuh
- **Logging:** Centralized logging with syslog-ng or rsyslog, 90-day retention minimum
- **Audit:** Linux audit daemon (auditd) enabled for compliance tracking
- **Encryption:** Full disk encryption (LUKS) for all systems with sensitive data

### Section 2.2: Application Software
Application software standards:

**Development Standards:**
- **Languages:** Python 3.9+, Go 1.19+, Rust 1.65+, TypeScript/JavaScript (Node.js 18+)
- **Frameworks:** Approved frameworks only (Django, FastAPI, Gin, React, Vue.js)
- **Code Quality:** Static analysis tools (SonarQube, ESLint, pylint), minimum 80% test coverage
- **Version Control:** Git with mandatory code review, branch protection rules
- **CI/CD:** Automated testing and deployment pipelines (GitLab CI, GitHub Actions, Jenkins)

**Security Requirements:**
- **OWASP Top 10:** All applications must address OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities
- **Dependency Scanning:** Automated dependency vulnerability scanning (Snyk, Dependabot)
- **Secrets Management:** No hardcoded secrets, use secrets management systems (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager)
- **Input Validation:** All user inputs validated and sanitized
- **Authentication:** Multi-factor authentication (MFA) required for all user-facing applications
- **Authorization:** Role-based access control (RBAC) with principle of least privilege

**Testing Requirements:**
- **Unit Testing:** Minimum 80% code coverage with unit tests
- **Integration Testing:** Automated integration tests for all API endpoints
- **Security Testing:** Static Application Security Testing (SAST) and Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
- **Penetration Testing:** Annual third-party penetration testing for production applications
- **Performance Testing:** Load testing for applications with expected high traffic

**Documentation Requirements:**
- **API Documentation:** OpenAPI/Swagger specifications for all REST APIs
- **Architecture Diagrams:** System architecture and data flow diagrams
- **Runbooks:** Operational runbooks for deployment, troubleshooting, and incident response
- **Code Comments:** Inline code documentation for complex logic
- **Change Logs:** Maintained changelog for all releases

### Section 2.3: Database Systems
Database system standards:

**Supported Database Systems:**
- **Relational:** PostgreSQL 14+ (preferred), MySQL 8.0+ or MariaDB 10.6+
- **NoSQL:** MongoDB 6.0+ (for document storage), Redis 7.0+ (for caching)
- **Time-Series:** InfluxDB 2.0+ or TimescaleDB (for metrics and monitoring)
- **Unsupported:** Oracle, SQL Server (not approved without special authorization)

**Configuration Requirements:**
- **Encryption at Rest:** Database-level encryption enabled (PostgreSQL pgcrypto, MySQL encryption)
- **Encryption in Transit:** TLS 1.3 required for all database connections
- **Replication:** Master-replica replication for high availability (minimum 1 replica)
- **Connection Pooling:** Connection pooling required (PgBouncer, ProxySQL)
- **Backup Configuration:** Automated daily backups with point-in-time recovery (PITR) capability
- **Resource Limits:** CPU, memory, and connection limits configured per database instance

**Security Requirements:**
- **Access Control:** Database users with least privilege, separate accounts for applications
- **Password Policy:** Strong passwords (16+ characters), regular rotation (90 days)
- **Network Security:** Database servers not directly accessible from internet, VPN or bastion hosts only
- **Audit Logging:** Database audit logging enabled for all sensitive operations
- **Vulnerability Management:** Regular database security updates and patches
- **SQL Injection Prevention:** Parameterized queries only, no dynamic SQL construction

**Backup Requirements:**
- **Frequency:** Daily full backups, hourly incremental backups for production databases
- **Retention:** 30 days for daily backups, 7 days for hourly backups, 1 year for monthly archives
- **Testing:** Monthly backup restoration testing to verify integrity
- **Offsite Storage:** Encrypted backups stored in geographically separate location
- **Recovery Time Objective (RTO):** Maximum 4 hours for critical databases
- **Recovery Point Objective (RPO):** Maximum 1 hour data loss for critical databases

---

## PART III: NETWORK STANDARDS

### Section 3.1: Network Architecture
Network architecture standards:

**Network Topology Requirements:**
- **Three-Tier Architecture:** Core, Distribution, and Access layers with clear separation
- **Redundancy:** Dual-homed connections at all layers, no single points of failure
- **Segmentation:** Network segmentation using VLANs, with DMZ for external-facing services
- **CSZ Boundaries:** Cyber-Sovereign Zones (CSZ) with isolated network segments per CSP-1113 specifications
- **Load Balancing:** Application load balancers for high-availability services

**Required Protocols:**
- **Routing:** BGP for external routing, OSPF for internal routing
- **Switching:** VLAN (802.1Q), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP/RSTP/MSTP)
- **Link Aggregation:** LACP (802.3ad) for port channeling and redundancy
- **Network Management:** SNMPv3, NetFlow/IPFIX for traffic analysis
- **Time Synchronization:** NTP (Network Time Protocol) with authenticated time sources

**Security Requirements:**
- **Firewall Rules:** Default deny policy, explicit allow rules only
- **Intrusion Detection/Prevention:** Network-based IDS/IPS (Snort, Suricata) at network boundaries
- **DDoS Protection:** DDoS mitigation at network edge, rate limiting on critical services
- **Network Access Control (NAC):** 802.1X authentication for all network devices
- **Traffic Inspection:** Deep packet inspection (DPI) for threat detection
- **Zero-Trust Architecture:** Verify and authenticate all network communications

**Performance Requirements:**
- **Latency:** End-to-end latency <10ms for internal networks, <50ms for external connections
- **Bandwidth:** Minimum 10Gbps for core links, 1Gbps for access layer
- **Packet Loss:** <0.1% packet loss under normal conditions
- **Jitter:** <5ms jitter for real-time applications
- **Throughput:** Support for full line-rate forwarding on all network devices

### Section 3.2: Security Standards
Security standards:

**Encryption Requirements:**
- **TLS/SSL:** TLS 1.3 minimum for all external communications, TLS 1.2 acceptable for legacy systems
- **Cipher Suites:** Only approved cipher suites (see CSP-1113 Section 3.1 for approved algorithms)
- **Certificate Management:** X.509 v3 certificates from trusted Certificate Authority (CA), regular rotation
- **Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS):** Required for all TLS connections
- **VPN Encryption:** IPsec with AES-256-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305 for site-to-site VPNs
- **Wireless:** WPA3 for wireless networks, WPA2 acceptable for legacy devices

**Authentication Requirements:**
- **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):** Required for all administrative access and user accounts
- **Certificate-Based Authentication:** X.509 certificates for service-to-service authentication
- **Single Sign-On (SSO):** SAML 2.0 or OAuth 2.0/OpenID Connect for user authentication
- **Password Policy:** Minimum 16 characters, complexity requirements, 90-day rotation
- **Session Management:** Secure session tokens, timeout after 15 minutes of inactivity
- **Biometric Authentication:** Optional but recommended for high-security access

**Access Control Requirements:**
- **Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):** Granular permissions based on job function
- **Principle of Least Privilege:** Users granted minimum permissions necessary
- **Network Segmentation:** Firewall rules enforcing network segmentation and isolation
- **Application-Level Access Control:** Access control lists (ACLs) in applications
- **Privileged Access Management (PAM):** Separate accounts and monitoring for privileged access
- **Zero-Trust Model:** Verify identity and authorization for every access request

**Monitoring Requirements:**
- **SIEM Integration:** Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) for centralized logging
- **Log Retention:** Minimum 90 days for operational logs, 1 year for security logs, 7 years for audit logs
- **Real-Time Alerting:** Automated alerts for security events, failed authentication attempts, policy violations
- **Network Monitoring:** Continuous monitoring of network traffic, bandwidth utilization, and anomalies
- **Threat Intelligence:** Integration with threat intelligence feeds for proactive threat detection
- **Incident Response:** Automated incident response playbooks for common security events
- **Compliance Reporting:** Regular compliance reports for security standards and regulations

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## PART IV: COMPLIANCE AND ALIGNMENT

### Section 4.1: Alignment with CSP-1113
These technical standards align with the Cyber-Sovereignty Protocol CSP-1113:
- Cryptographic algorithms and key management per CSP-1113 Chapter 3 and 4
- Network security architecture per CSP-1113 Part I
- Validation frameworks per CSP-1113 Part III
- See [CSP-1113 Technical Specification](../csp_1113/CSP-1113_Technical_Specification.md) for detailed protocol specifications

### Section 4.2: Compliance Standards
All systems must comply with:
- **CIS Benchmarks:** Center for Internet Security benchmarks for operating systems
- **NIST Cybersecurity Framework:** Alignment with NIST CSF controls
- **ISO 27001:** Information security management system requirements
- **PCI DSS:** Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (if applicable)
- **SOC 2:** System and Organization Controls Type 2 (if applicable)

### Section 4.3: Review and Updates
- **Annual Review:** Complete review of all technical standards annually
- **Quarterly Updates:** Quarterly updates for emerging threats and technologies
- **Change Management:** All changes reviewed and approved by Technical Department
- **Version Control:** All standards versioned and change history maintained

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## REVISION HISTORY

| Version | Date | Author | Changes |
|---------|------|--------|---------|
| 1.0 | [YYYY-MM-DD] | DBIS Technical Department | Initial version - Expanded from placeholder content with comprehensive technical specifications |

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## RELATED DOCUMENTS

- [Title XV: Technical Specifications](../02_statutory_code/Title_XV_Technical_Specifications.md) - Statutory framework for technical specifications
- [CSP-1113 Technical Specification](../csp_1113/CSP-1113_Technical_Specification.md) - Cyber-Sovereignty Protocol with cryptographic specifications aligned with these standards
- [Title VI: Cyber-Sovereignty](../02_statutory_code/Title_VI_Cyber_Sovereignty.md) - Cyber-sovereignty framework
- [Title X: Security](../02_statutory_code/Title_X_Security.md) - Security framework and requirements

**END OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS**