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DBIS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Comprehensive Technical Standards and Specifications

PREAMBLE

This document establishes comprehensive technical standards for all DBIS systems, infrastructure, and operations. It covers hardware, software, network, and security standards.

PART I: HARDWARE STANDARDS

Section 1.1: Server Standards

Server specifications:

Performance Requirements:

  • CPU: Minimum 16 cores (32 threads recommended), x86-64 architecture or ARM64
  • RAM: Minimum 64GB (128GB recommended for production), ECC memory required
  • Storage: Minimum 10TB SSD per server (NVMe preferred), with separate boot and data partitions
  • Network: Minimum 2x 10GbE network interfaces (bonded/teamed for redundancy)

Redundancy Requirements:

  • Configuration: N+1 redundancy for all critical systems
  • Power: Dual power supplies with independent power sources
  • Cooling: Redundant cooling systems with temperature monitoring
  • Hardware Monitoring: IPMI/BMC access for remote management and health monitoring

Security Features:

  • TPM 2.0: Trusted Platform Module 2.0 required for secure boot and key storage
  • Secure Boot: UEFI Secure Boot enabled and verified
  • Hardware Security Module (HSM): HSM integration for cryptographic operations (optional but recommended)
  • Physical Security: Tamper-evident enclosures, locked server racks, access logging

Maintenance Requirements:

  • Maintenance Windows: Scheduled during low-usage periods with 48-hour advance notice
  • Firmware Updates: Quarterly firmware updates, tested in staging before production
  • Hardware Lifecycle: 5-year replacement cycle, with 1-year overlap for migration
  • Documentation: Complete hardware inventory and maintenance logs required

Section 1.2: Network Equipment

Network equipment standards:

Performance Specifications:

  • Switch Ports: Minimum 10GbE ports (25GbE or 100GbE for core switches)
  • Throughput: Non-blocking architecture with full line-rate forwarding
  • Latency: Sub-10 microsecond switching latency for core switches
  • Bandwidth: Minimum 40Gbps aggregate bandwidth per switch

Security Features:

  • 802.1X: Port-based network access control (NAC) required
  • MAC Filtering: Static MAC address binding for critical devices
  • VLAN Isolation: Strict VLAN separation with access control lists (ACLs)
  • Port Security: Disable unused ports, limit MAC addresses per port
  • Management Security: Encrypted management protocols (SSH, HTTPS), SNMPv3 only

Reliability Requirements:

  • Redundancy Protocols: STP/RSTP/MSTP for loop prevention, LACP for link aggregation
  • Uptime: 99.99% availability target (less than 53 minutes downtime per year)
  • Failover: Sub-second failover for redundant links and devices
  • Monitoring: SNMP monitoring with alerting for link failures and performance degradation

Compatibility Requirements:

  • Standards Compliance: IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1X (NAC)
  • Protocol Support: IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stack required
  • Management: Standard SNMP, CLI, and API interfaces
  • Integration: Compatibility with existing network management systems

Section 1.3: Storage Systems

Storage system standards:

Capacity Requirements:

  • Tier 1 (Primary): Minimum 100TB per system, expandable to 1PB
  • Tier 2 (Secondary): Minimum 500TB for backup and archive
  • Tier 3 (Archive): Minimum 1PB for long-term retention
  • Growth Planning: 25% headroom required for capacity planning

Performance Requirements:

  • IOPS: Minimum 50,000 IOPS for Tier 1 storage, 10,000 IOPS for Tier 2
  • Latency: Sub-millisecond latency for Tier 1, <10ms for Tier 2
  • Throughput: Minimum 5GB/s read/write for Tier 1, 1GB/s for Tier 2
  • Deduplication: Data deduplication and compression enabled where applicable

Redundancy Requirements:

  • RAID Levels: RAID 6 minimum for production data, RAID 10 for high-performance workloads
  • Replication: Synchronous replication for critical data, asynchronous for secondary
  • Backup: 3-2-1 backup strategy (3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite)
  • Snapshots: Daily snapshots with 30-day retention, hourly for critical systems

Security Features:

  • Encryption at Rest: AES-256 encryption required for all stored data
  • Key Management: Integration with HSM or key management service (KMS)
  • Access Control: Role-based access control (RBAC) with audit logging
  • Data Sanitization: Secure data erasure procedures for decommissioned storage

PART II: SOFTWARE STANDARDS

Section 2.1: Operating Systems

Operating system standards:

Supported Operating Systems:

  • Linux: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.0+ or 9.0+, Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS or 22.04 LTS
  • Container Hosts: RHEL 8+ with Podman/Docker, or Ubuntu 20.04+ with containerd
  • Legacy Support: RHEL 7.x supported until end-of-life (with security patches)
  • Unsupported: Windows Server, macOS Server (not approved for production)

Hardened Configurations:

  • CIS Benchmarks: Compliance with Center for Internet Security (CIS) Level 2 benchmarks
  • SELinux/AppArmor: Mandatory Access Control (MAC) enabled and enforced
  • Firewall: Firewalld or UFW configured with deny-by-default rules
  • Services: Minimal service footprint, disable unnecessary services and daemons
  • User Accounts: No default passwords, strong password policies (12+ characters, complexity)
  • SSH: Disable root login, key-based authentication only, disable weak ciphers

Update Requirements:

  • Security Patches: Apply critical and high-severity patches within 72 hours
  • Regular Updates: Monthly maintenance windows for standard updates
  • Testing: All updates tested in staging environment before production
  • Rollback Plan: Documented rollback procedures for all updates
  • Compliance: Track and report on patch compliance status

Security Requirements:

  • Vulnerability Scanning: Weekly automated vulnerability scans
  • Intrusion Detection: Host-based IDS (HIDS) such as OSSEC or Wazuh
  • Logging: Centralized logging with syslog-ng or rsyslog, 90-day retention minimum
  • Audit: Linux audit daemon (auditd) enabled for compliance tracking
  • Encryption: Full disk encryption (LUKS) for all systems with sensitive data

Section 2.2: Application Software

Application software standards:

Development Standards:

  • Languages: Python 3.9+, Go 1.19+, Rust 1.65+, TypeScript/JavaScript (Node.js 18+)
  • Frameworks: Approved frameworks only (Django, FastAPI, Gin, React, Vue.js)
  • Code Quality: Static analysis tools (SonarQube, ESLint, pylint), minimum 80% test coverage
  • Version Control: Git with mandatory code review, branch protection rules
  • CI/CD: Automated testing and deployment pipelines (GitLab CI, GitHub Actions, Jenkins)

Security Requirements:

  • OWASP Top 10: All applications must address OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities
  • Dependency Scanning: Automated dependency vulnerability scanning (Snyk, Dependabot)
  • Secrets Management: No hardcoded secrets, use secrets management systems (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager)
  • Input Validation: All user inputs validated and sanitized
  • Authentication: Multi-factor authentication (MFA) required for all user-facing applications
  • Authorization: Role-based access control (RBAC) with principle of least privilege

Testing Requirements:

  • Unit Testing: Minimum 80% code coverage with unit tests
  • Integration Testing: Automated integration tests for all API endpoints
  • Security Testing: Static Application Security Testing (SAST) and Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
  • Penetration Testing: Annual third-party penetration testing for production applications
  • Performance Testing: Load testing for applications with expected high traffic

Documentation Requirements:

  • API Documentation: OpenAPI/Swagger specifications for all REST APIs
  • Architecture Diagrams: System architecture and data flow diagrams
  • Runbooks: Operational runbooks for deployment, troubleshooting, and incident response
  • Code Comments: Inline code documentation for complex logic
  • Change Logs: Maintained changelog for all releases

Section 2.3: Database Systems

Database system standards:

Supported Database Systems:

  • Relational: PostgreSQL 14+ (preferred), MySQL 8.0+ or MariaDB 10.6+
  • NoSQL: MongoDB 6.0+ (for document storage), Redis 7.0+ (for caching)
  • Time-Series: InfluxDB 2.0+ or TimescaleDB (for metrics and monitoring)
  • Unsupported: Oracle, SQL Server (not approved without special authorization)

Configuration Requirements:

  • Encryption at Rest: Database-level encryption enabled (PostgreSQL pgcrypto, MySQL encryption)
  • Encryption in Transit: TLS 1.3 required for all database connections
  • Replication: Master-replica replication for high availability (minimum 1 replica)
  • Connection Pooling: Connection pooling required (PgBouncer, ProxySQL)
  • Backup Configuration: Automated daily backups with point-in-time recovery (PITR) capability
  • Resource Limits: CPU, memory, and connection limits configured per database instance

Security Requirements:

  • Access Control: Database users with least privilege, separate accounts for applications
  • Password Policy: Strong passwords (16+ characters), regular rotation (90 days)
  • Network Security: Database servers not directly accessible from internet, VPN or bastion hosts only
  • Audit Logging: Database audit logging enabled for all sensitive operations
  • Vulnerability Management: Regular database security updates and patches
  • SQL Injection Prevention: Parameterized queries only, no dynamic SQL construction

Backup Requirements:

  • Frequency: Daily full backups, hourly incremental backups for production databases
  • Retention: 30 days for daily backups, 7 days for hourly backups, 1 year for monthly archives
  • Testing: Monthly backup restoration testing to verify integrity
  • Offsite Storage: Encrypted backups stored in geographically separate location
  • Recovery Time Objective (RTO): Maximum 4 hours for critical databases
  • Recovery Point Objective (RPO): Maximum 1 hour data loss for critical databases

PART III: NETWORK STANDARDS

Section 3.1: Network Architecture

Network architecture standards:

Network Topology Requirements:

  • Three-Tier Architecture: Core, Distribution, and Access layers with clear separation
  • Redundancy: Dual-homed connections at all layers, no single points of failure
  • Segmentation: Network segmentation using VLANs, with DMZ for external-facing services
  • CSZ Boundaries: Cyber-Sovereign Zones (CSZ) with isolated network segments per CSP-1113 specifications
  • Load Balancing: Application load balancers for high-availability services

Required Protocols:

  • Routing: BGP for external routing, OSPF for internal routing
  • Switching: VLAN (802.1Q), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP/RSTP/MSTP)
  • Link Aggregation: LACP (802.3ad) for port channeling and redundancy
  • Network Management: SNMPv3, NetFlow/IPFIX for traffic analysis
  • Time Synchronization: NTP (Network Time Protocol) with authenticated time sources

Security Requirements:

  • Firewall Rules: Default deny policy, explicit allow rules only
  • Intrusion Detection/Prevention: Network-based IDS/IPS (Snort, Suricata) at network boundaries
  • DDoS Protection: DDoS mitigation at network edge, rate limiting on critical services
  • Network Access Control (NAC): 802.1X authentication for all network devices
  • Traffic Inspection: Deep packet inspection (DPI) for threat detection
  • Zero-Trust Architecture: Verify and authenticate all network communications

Performance Requirements:

  • Latency: End-to-end latency <10ms for internal networks, <50ms for external connections
  • Bandwidth: Minimum 10Gbps for core links, 1Gbps for access layer
  • Packet Loss: <0.1% packet loss under normal conditions
  • Jitter: <5ms jitter for real-time applications
  • Throughput: Support for full line-rate forwarding on all network devices

Section 3.2: Security Standards

Security standards:

Encryption Requirements:

  • TLS/SSL: TLS 1.3 minimum for all external communications, TLS 1.2 acceptable for legacy systems
  • Cipher Suites: Only approved cipher suites (see CSP-1113 Section 3.1 for approved algorithms)
  • Certificate Management: X.509 v3 certificates from trusted Certificate Authority (CA), regular rotation
  • Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS): Required for all TLS connections
  • VPN Encryption: IPsec with AES-256-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305 for site-to-site VPNs
  • Wireless: WPA3 for wireless networks, WPA2 acceptable for legacy devices

Authentication Requirements:

  • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Required for all administrative access and user accounts
  • Certificate-Based Authentication: X.509 certificates for service-to-service authentication
  • Single Sign-On (SSO): SAML 2.0 or OAuth 2.0/OpenID Connect for user authentication
  • Password Policy: Minimum 16 characters, complexity requirements, 90-day rotation
  • Session Management: Secure session tokens, timeout after 15 minutes of inactivity
  • Biometric Authentication: Optional but recommended for high-security access

Access Control Requirements:

  • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Granular permissions based on job function
  • Principle of Least Privilege: Users granted minimum permissions necessary
  • Network Segmentation: Firewall rules enforcing network segmentation and isolation
  • Application-Level Access Control: Access control lists (ACLs) in applications
  • Privileged Access Management (PAM): Separate accounts and monitoring for privileged access
  • Zero-Trust Model: Verify identity and authorization for every access request

Monitoring Requirements:

  • SIEM Integration: Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) for centralized logging
  • Log Retention: Minimum 90 days for operational logs, 1 year for security logs, 7 years for audit logs
  • Real-Time Alerting: Automated alerts for security events, failed authentication attempts, policy violations
  • Network Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of network traffic, bandwidth utilization, and anomalies
  • Threat Intelligence: Integration with threat intelligence feeds for proactive threat detection
  • Incident Response: Automated incident response playbooks for common security events
  • Compliance Reporting: Regular compliance reports for security standards and regulations

PART IV: COMPLIANCE AND ALIGNMENT

Section 4.1: Alignment with CSP-1113

These technical standards align with the Cyber-Sovereignty Protocol CSP-1113:

  • Cryptographic algorithms and key management per CSP-1113 Chapter 3 and 4
  • Network security architecture per CSP-1113 Part I
  • Validation frameworks per CSP-1113 Part III
  • See CSP-1113 Technical Specification for detailed protocol specifications

Section 4.2: Compliance Standards

All systems must comply with:

  • CIS Benchmarks: Center for Internet Security benchmarks for operating systems
  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Alignment with NIST CSF controls
  • ISO 27001: Information security management system requirements
  • PCI DSS: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (if applicable)
  • SOC 2: System and Organization Controls Type 2 (if applicable)

Section 4.3: Review and Updates

  • Annual Review: Complete review of all technical standards annually
  • Quarterly Updates: Quarterly updates for emerging threats and technologies
  • Change Management: All changes reviewed and approved by Technical Department
  • Version Control: All standards versioned and change history maintained

RELATED DOCUMENTS

END OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS

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