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320 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
320 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
# Performance Tuning Guide
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**Last Updated:** 2025-01-20
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**Document Version:** 1.0
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**Status:** Active Documentation
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---
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## Overview
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This guide provides performance tuning recommendations for Proxmox infrastructure, including host optimization, VM/container optimization, storage optimization, and network optimization.
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---
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## Host Performance Tuning
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### CPU Optimization
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**Settings:**
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1. **CPU Governor:**
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```bash
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# Set performance governor
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cpupower frequency-set -g performance
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# Make permanent
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echo 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_pstate=disable"' >> /etc/default/grub
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update-grub
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```
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2. **CPU Affinity:**
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- Pin critical VMs to specific CPU cores
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- Isolate CPU cores for host operations
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- Use CPU sets for resource allocation
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### Memory Optimization
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**Settings:**
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1. **Transparent Huge Pages:**
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```bash
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# Check current setting
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cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
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# Set to always (for performance)
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echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
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```
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2. **Swappiness:**
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```bash
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# Reduce swappiness (default is 60)
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echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
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# Make permanent
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echo 'vm.swappiness=10' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
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```
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3. **Memory Overcommit:**
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```bash
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# Allow memory overcommit (for Proxmox)
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echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
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```
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### Storage Optimization
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**ZFS Tuning:**
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1. **ARC Size:**
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```bash
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# Set ARC max size (adjust based on RAM)
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echo 'options zfs zfs_arc_max=4294967296' >> /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf
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```
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2. **ZFS Recordsize:**
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```bash
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# Set recordsize for database workloads
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zfs set recordsize=16k <pool>/<dataset>
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```
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3. **ZFS Compression:**
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```bash
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# Enable compression (lz4 recommended)
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zfs set compression=lz4 <pool>/<dataset>
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```
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**LVM Tuning:**
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1. **I/O Scheduler:**
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```bash
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# Set to deadline or noop for SSDs
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echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
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```
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---
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## VM/Container Performance
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### VM Optimization
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**CPU Settings:**
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1. **CPU Type:**
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- Use `host` CPU type for best performance
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- Or use specific CPU model matching host
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2. **CPU Cores:**
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- Allocate appropriate number of cores
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- Avoid over-allocation
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- Consider CPU pinning for critical VMs
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**Memory Settings:**
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1. **Memory Allocation:**
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- Allocate sufficient memory
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- Use ballooning for dynamic allocation
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- Monitor memory usage
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2. **Memory Ballooning:**
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```bash
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# Enable ballooning in VM config
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balloon: 1024
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```
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**Storage Settings:**
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1. **Disk Cache:**
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- Use `writeback` cache for better performance
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- Use `none` for critical data integrity
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2. **Disk I/O:**
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- Set appropriate I/O limits
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- Use SSD storage for high I/O workloads
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- Consider separate storage pools
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### Container Optimization
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**Resource Limits:**
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1. **CPU Limits:**
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```bash
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# Set CPU limit in container config
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lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = "0-3"
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```
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2. **Memory Limits:**
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```bash
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# Set memory limit
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lxc.cgroup.memory.limit_in_bytes = 2147483648
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```
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3. **I/O Limits:**
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```bash
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# Set I/O limits
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lxc.cgroup.blkio.weight = 500
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```
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---
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## Network Performance
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### Network Optimization
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**Settings:**
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1. **Network Interface:**
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- Use virtio network drivers
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- Enable SR-IOV if available
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- Tune network buffer sizes
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2. **Bridge Optimization:**
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```bash
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# Increase bridge forward delay
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echo 0 > /sys/class/net/vmbr0/bridge/forward_delay
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```
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3. **TCP Tuning:**
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```bash
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# Increase TCP buffer sizes
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echo 'net.core.rmem_max = 16777216' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
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echo 'net.core.wmem_max = 16777216' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
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sysctl -p
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```
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---
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## Monitoring Performance
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### Key Metrics
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1. **CPU:**
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- CPU utilization
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- CPU wait time
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- CPU steal time
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2. **Memory:**
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- Memory usage
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- Swap usage
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- Memory pressure
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3. **Storage:**
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- I/O wait
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- Disk utilization
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- I/O throughput
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4. **Network:**
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- Network throughput
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- Packet loss
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- Latency
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### Monitoring Tools
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1. **Proxmox Built-in:**
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- Resource usage graphs
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- Performance metrics
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- Historical data
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2. **External Tools:**
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- Prometheus + Grafana
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- Zabbix
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- Custom monitoring scripts
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---
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## Performance Benchmarks
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### Baseline Measurements
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**Before Optimization:**
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- Document current performance
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- Identify bottlenecks
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- Set performance targets
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**After Optimization:**
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- Measure improvements
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- Document results
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- Adjust as needed
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### Benchmark Tools
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1. **CPU:**
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```bash
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# CPU benchmark
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sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
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```
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2. **Memory:**
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```bash
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# Memory benchmark
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sysbench memory --memory-total-size=10G run
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```
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3. **Disk:**
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```bash
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# Disk I/O benchmark
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fio --name=test --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 --rw=read --bs=4k --size=1G
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```
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---
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## Troubleshooting Performance Issues
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### Common Issues
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1. **High CPU Usage:**
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- Check for runaway processes
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- Review CPU allocation
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- Consider CPU pinning
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2. **High Memory Usage:**
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- Check for memory leaks
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- Review memory allocation
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- Enable ballooning
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3. **High I/O Wait:**
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- Check disk I/O
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- Review storage configuration
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- Consider SSD storage
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4. **Network Latency:**
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- Check network configuration
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- Review network drivers
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- Tune network settings
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---
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## Best Practices
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1. **Regular Monitoring:**
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- Monitor performance metrics
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- Identify trends
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- Proactive optimization
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2. **Baseline Measurements:**
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- Document baseline performance
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- Track changes over time
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- Set performance targets
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3. **Gradual Optimization:**
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- Make one change at a time
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- Measure impact
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- Document results
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4. **Resource Planning:**
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- Plan for growth
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- Monitor resource usage
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- Scale proactively
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---
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## Related Documentation
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- **[MONITORING_SUMMARY.md](../08-monitoring/MONITORING_SUMMARY.md)** - Monitoring setup
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- **[TROUBLESHOOTING_FAQ.md](/docs/09-troubleshooting/TROUBLESHOOTING_FAQ.md)** - Troubleshooting
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- **[RECOMMENDATIONS_AND_SUGGESTIONS.md](RECOMMENDATIONS_AND_SUGGESTIONS.md)** - Best practices
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---
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**Last Updated:** 2025-01-20
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**Review Cycle:** Quarterly
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